The Ratcheting Behavior of Plain Carbon Steel Pipe Elbows Subjected to Simulated Seismic In-Plane Bending Introduction In the realm of structural engineering, understanding how materials behave under stress is crucial, especially in seismic-prone areas. Pipe elbows, often made from plain carbon steel, are integral components in piping systems, allowing for directional changes in fluid flow.

Introduction As critical oil and gas infrastructure scale to meet growing worldwide energy needs, next-generation pipeline steel grades are essential. X120 line pipe manufactured via innovative JCOE (joining, coating, welding, and overseas) processing represents a breakthrough capable of withstanding higher pressures and harsher operating environments. This report details X120 composition and microstructure, the JCOE fabrication

High pressure bimetal compound pipe Bimetal Metallurgical Composite Pipe Bimetal Metallurgy Composite Pipe-it combines the primary industrial materials with the high technology metallurgical treatment process, adopts centrifugal casting tube billet by extrusion, cold rolling (or cold Drawing) production mode, thus obtains the high quality compound pipe. This new type of composite pipe can be general