ASTM A234 is a standard specification for pipe fittings of wrought carbon steel and alloy steel for moderate and high-temperature service. The term “BW” stands for “Butt Welded”. Butt welding is a commonly used technique in welding that can provide a high-quality weld with very little prep work.
Here’s the basic specification for ASTM A234 BW Fittings:
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Material: ASTM A234 covers several grades of carbon and alloy steel. The fitting material could be WPB, WPC, WP1, WP12 CL1, WP12 CL2, WP11 CL1, WP11 CL2, WP11 CL3, WP22 CL1, WP22 CL3, WP5 CL1, WP5 CL3, WP9 CL1, WP9 CL3, and WP91.
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Size Range: The standard covers pipe fittings in size ranges from 1/2″ to 24″ for seamless pipe fittings and 26″ to 96″ for welded fittings.
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Pressure Ratings: The standard covers fittings of both seamless and welded types. Welded fittings are made from plate while seamless fittings are made from a billet. Pressure ratings for fittings would be class 2000#, 3000#, 6000#, and 9000#.
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Manufacturing Process: The process of A234 WPB pipe fittings manufacturing is called “wrought” which means it could be casted or forged. Usually the ASTM A234 WPB elbows, tees, reducers are made from steel pipes, the caps are made from plates. But the large sizes pipe fittings are commonly manufactured in pieces and welded together.
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Heat Treatment: All pipe fittings are required to be heat treated at a specific temperature to enhance their mechanical properties.
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Applications: These fittings are for use in pressure piping and in pressure vessel fabrication for service at moderate and elevated temperatures.
Types of ASTM A234 WPB Fittings
ASTM A234 WPB fittings typically include:
- Elbows (45-degree, 90-degree, and 180-degree)
- Tees and Reducing Tees
- Concentric and Eccentric Reducers
- End Caps
- Bends
- Stub Ends
- Cross
ASTM A234 WPB Equivalent
The equivalent standards and materials for ASTM A234 WPB are:
- DIN: DIN2609, DIN2615, DIN2616, DIN2617, DIN28011
- EN: EN10253-1, EN10253-2
- JIS: JIS B2311, JIS B2312, JIS B2313
ASTM A234 WPB Chemical Composition
The chemical composition of ASTM A234 WPB fittings typically includes:
- Carbon (C): 0.30 max
- Manganese (Mn): 0.29-1.06%
- Phosphorus (P): 0.05 max
- Sulfur (S): 0.058 max
- Silicon (Si): 0.10 min
ASTM A234 WPB Mechanical Properties
The mechanical properties of ASTM A234 WPB fittings typically include:
- Tensile Strength: min. 415 MPa
- Yield Strength: min. 240 MPa
- Elongation: min. 30%
Chemical Requirements
Composition, %
| WPB B,C,D,E, | WPC C,D,E, | WP11 CL1 | WP11 CL2, | WP11 CL3 | WP22 CL1, | WP22 CL3 | WP5 CL1, | WP5 CL3 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Carbon | 0.3 | 0.35 | 0.05–0.15 | 0.05–0.20 | 0.05–0.20 | 0.05–0.15 | 0.05–0.15 | 0.15 | 0.15 |
| Manganese | 0.29–1.06 | 0.29–1.06 | 0.30–0.60 | 0.30–0.80 | 0.30–0.80 | 0.30–0.60 | 0.30–0.60 | 0.30–0.60 | 0.30–0.60 |
| Phosporus | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.03 | 0.04 | 0.04 | 0.04 | 0.04 | 0.04 | 0.04 |
| Sulfur | 0.058 | 0.058 | 0.03 | 0.04 | 0.04 | 0.04 | 0.04 | 0.03 | 0.03 |
| Silicon | 0.10 min | 0.10 min | 0.50–1.00 | 0.50–1.00 | 0.50–1.00 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 |
| Chromium | 0.4 | 0.4 | 1.00–1.50 | 1.00–1.50 | 1.00–1.50 | 1.90–2.60 | 1.90–2.60 | 4.0–6.0 | 4.0–6.0 |
| Molybdenum | 0.15 max | 0.15 max | 0.44–0.65 | 0.44–0.65 | 0.44–0.65 | 0.87–1.13 | 0.87–1.13 | 0.44–0.65 | 0.44–0.65 |
| Nickel | 0.4 | 0.4 | … | … | … | … | … | … | … |
| Copper | 0.4 | 0.4 | … | … | … | … | … | … | … |
| Others | Vanadium 0.08 | Vanadium 0.08 | … | … | … | … | … | … | … |
| WP9 CL1, | WP9 CL3 | WP91 | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Carbon | 0.15 | 0.15 | 0.08–0.12 |
| Manganese | 0.30–0.60 | 0.30–0.60 | 0.30–0.60 |
| Phosporus | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.02 |
| Sulfur | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.01 |
| Silicon | 1 | 1 | 0.20–0.50 |
| Chromium | 8.0–10.0 | 8.0–10.0 | 8.0–9.5 |
| Molybdenum | 0.90–1.10 | 0.90–1.10 | 0.85–1.05 |
| Nickel | … | … | 0.4 |
| Copper | … | … | … |
| Others | … | … | Vanadium 0.18–0.25 Columbium 0.06-0.10 Nitrogen 0.03-0.07 Aluminum 0.02F Titanium 0.01F Zirconium 0.01F |
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